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2023-5-27 20:51 | ֻ | |Ķģʽ
ڹ˹ͬ˹ͬ壬ȫÿһҪŪ7⣺1ڵļֵڣ2ΪʲôҪ棿Ϊ˭棿3ΪʲôҪࣿ浮ʲôĿġֵ壿浮ʲôѵĺ
4ʲôȻ桢ʶ(DNA)ʲôǻDNAʶDNAʲôȻϵ͹ϵ5ʶʲôȻϵ͹ϵΪʲô˵ռ䡢ʶ(DNA)ʺٶȾĽ̶Ⱥǻܵȵĸߵͣ6Ϊʲô˵ʶӾǸܻˡӼӻ˵ļؼ7Ϊʲô˵ʶһе΢΢;δһУʣϵ7ȫÿһѾŪ˼ˣڹ˹ͬ˹ͬ壬ȫÿһҪŪϵ7⡣ڵЩݾͰ7Ĵ𰸣ο

ڵļֵڣΪȫÿһڵļֵDZ桢ԼһһҪʵõȻȻһ豹桢ϻͯϡԶȥԸ(ͬʱҲȫÿһ˵ķܶĿ)ˣеЩռ5ҵͨʡʡʺһйڵļֵҲͬˡ

ΪʲôҪ棿Ϊ˭棿ҪŪ⣬ҪشΪ˭棿Ϊ浮ĿġֵģΪʲôҪأپǣԼҲȷķҪ̭ǣˣȫÿһ˶ҪҵȷķΪΪΪȫࡢΪȫ硢ΪΪһеĶֲΪԼΪ棬ŬܶôǴںĿΪʲôأΪǴĿľΪȻȻ̬һеĶֲͬһ豹桢ϻͯϡԶĴȥ

ΪʲôҪࣿ浮ʲôĿġֵ壿浮ʲôѵĺ𣿾Բǵģ浮ĿҪȻȻеͬһԶĴȥ;𣬸ȡ𡣵ǣڵһȻ׶µ࣬Լڼʹûһ㣬Ϊе˶˽(һ)޷()Ҳȫÿһ˶Ϊ(ӵĶ)Сߺΰ࣬㶼dzɹˣҪĴʹûתʹùȻȻȻ̬ͬһ豹ͷϻ֮ͯDzпʵȻȻ渳ԸȻȻеͬһϡԶĴȥһ˹ͬ壬ˣΪʵ˹ͬͱҪҿܣҪҿ󲿷ܣܺһʵ㡢ԶĴȥ

ʶǻDNADNAҲʶӾʶʶӾ

ֻȫÿһ˶ҵȷķչҲֻȫÿһ˶ĸСߺΰǵϣʵǵĹ塢˹ͬ˹ͬΰĹͬĿ񡣶ȫÿһ͵˶˶ٲĸ˶ٵ׹䡢ȵȵΪôȫÿһ˾ͻܶҲõٳҪıӦǵҲһǣ()ˣκ鶼һһףеñʧȡᣬʵʧƽ⣬ȡе˵ʹû2꣬ȴʹûԼٴӵһǧ꣬˵ܹ2ˡʹûĵʧҲDZӦˣҪʹûתʹù⵽̭һȡǺæ顣׼ͼ˵׷ֵȶʧȥ˵ʸ̭ʷǰϣ͹Űȱ̭ԭȴڵ(۹弰丽ӹʱ)һ֪޳ܡ˵˽µߡααơǿԡԡַֺɱ¾ʧȥԵȵȶ⵽̭ΪνǿҲǿ߼ͬһ

Լܻ˺ӻ˸߶ϵࡢϵΪ˱ʵΪֻʵõ˱ǿȥͺڰаİʡʡһкڰа࿹⣬ٲܱƽ⣬Ҫʵĺ˷̫ʡռ䡢ԴԴĽͿɳչʧȥ˱ϡ

ξDZԼȻȻ棬Ҫ߼ʶȥԼܻ˺ӻ˸߶ϵࡢϵˣӶʵõȻȻһ豹桢ϻͯϡԶȥԸе渳ȫÿһ˵ijʹʥΣDZҪѧֳ׵ıȻȻ̬̫ϵϵ棬ʵ˹ͬ˹ͬ壬ֻձԼ潻ȫÿһ˵ijߵʹʥʷΡ

ʡռ˼ά֧ǵʶǣٶȵĿʶĸߵ͡磬ľdzʶ˹پǸ߼ʶﵽӽ˹پмʶֻйٵʮ֮һµľǵͼʶˣڻֻǵͼʶǣδӼӻˡܻ˺ӻܻ˸߶ϵϵ˺ȵȾdzġ߼ĺмʶ

һ壬ǧҪΪԼ͵򶼺СνΪǧеһж˵ͬȵҪġͬʱΪ汾ڵʹǧеһжǹƽģϲǹƽģԼ磬ȫÿһԼһˡǣʹ˵Ȼ(ٻʮ)˵ʹԺҲȻᴴµĵ͸ǻ۵ȡࡣˣڵ岻ܣ˶ʺȥ棬õȻȻͬһ豹桢ϻͯϡԶĴȥ

ûʶûеĵˣʶһֱŵ࣬򣬾ûеĴڣҲûĴڡʴˣʶDNAͷչıȻ֮ŵࡢġ

ʶʶҪ־õ֧䣬ûûʶûʶûʡĵӵеǾ޴ģˣӵ˾޴ʶ֮ӵǿʡ࣬Լ潫ѾӵҪӸ߼öΪʲôҪô˵أΪĴСʶĴСˣЩӵ˸ʵϵ϶ᵮҪ߼öʶ

۹ʱûг·Ҳˣֻй塢˹ͬ˹ͬǵȫȫΨһij·ϣ

ڵ岻ܣ˶ʺȥ棬õȻȻͬһ豹桢ϻͯϡԶĴȥ

ǵĹ塢˹ͬ˹ͬ嶼ΪģΪˣЩӦչƵһﶼӦ𽥵ı̭Ҫ߼ʶ̭һвӦչϰߡͲ˼άʶȵȣˣȥıԼһвϰܱձȻ̭Ҫá˵ȥǵͼʶǿһеʡֲʹûܵĵͼʶôֿʳʹûֵʷѾӦķչˣˣڿʼҪʹûתʹùΪֻӲܹ־áԶĴ뷢չȥˣڵҪǾİԼܻ˺ӻ˸߶ϵ࣬Ӷ׵ȥŵ̬ԼһеĶֲ

ӿƼıʹûɹʹõΨһij·

ȫÿһ˵ҪĿʵֹ塢ȫ˹ͬ˹ͬ塣ôΪʵЩĿҪ۹Ʒʱ壬δ塢ȫ˹ͬ˹ͬ巢ƵĻơƶȡǣ໹ҪĽ⿪ʡʺܣİԼܻ˺ӻ˸߶ϵࡣôδҪ𽥵̭Щ֪ӹס̰͹˽СˡӹˡЩۺʽϲࡣ

ûˮǾͻˣ治ȥ̸ˡûˮûûˮͲܴڡܼ򵥣һЩ˾DzҪôҲҪ֪ʷȥ˷ˮԴ޽ԼˮʶΪЩ˼˽ı֡Щļ˽ѾΥ˹ͬķչƵģʶЩ֪Ʒʰܻ˽ۺʽϲཫȻᱻᡢ̭ҲһҪ̭ᡢͲȡý

δʧȥԺͼ˵˽ֻмӵĹҲᵼһ𣬹Ӣյȵĵ۹Ͳܴȥ

ޣʲôʱҪԼҪ˷ѡЩ˽ҪõģҲǵҪԴ˷ԴԴȾԴЩ˵̬ƻ˷ѣʺ޼ֵԣҪǸõˣýԼʱȴԼһԻ࣬õ˥϶ǰܼ򵥣Ϊȫ硢ȫȫôÿ˷һǵԴԴʵľ޴˷ѣȫÿһ˶ֻ˷һξǵľ޴ĵԴԴϵ˷ѣʽƾһͻǰ

ȫÿһ˶Ҫᶨ˽Ҫס˵˽Ϊ˽Ѿص谭ȫĽչΪȫ硢ȫÿһ˵ķȫͳһΪʷ淢չıȻơ

಻ܸıԵ˽ͰԼСߺΰ࣬ôdz飬ˣһеĹͺˡˣ˽ȫеһУҪıһ㼸ܣԼܻ˺ӻ˸߶ϵࡢϵˡֻеΪࡢϵ˵ʱſ԰ѿ͵ıɼȿѭĻ棬ҲǸijһڲͣͬʱһڲϵѭĻ棬һͻˣƽˣҲ޵ȥˣҲͿԺһԶĴȥˡ

ҪСߺΰ󣬱·δȴֻһôȫÿһ˾ͲܣҲȥ˽ͻһһ֮˽ġôȫÿһ˾ͱҪĸСߺΰΪϵСߺΰࡣ

ϵΪʲôܹ豹桢ϻͯϡԶأΪܹѧһʶDNA΢ʣ磬˻ȻȻʶDNAӣˡ΢ӣԭӣӣӡߡߡXߡYߺһߡ΢΢ȵȵԭȥԭԭơӡȵȡȻˣҲһУҲͬʵ˵һеԸˡ⣬˵ĿƼˮƽ˵ѾǸ߶ȵķˣ磬˿׾ٵĽ뵽κһ磬ҲԽǵκһ̨ԡ豸ܻ棬ԵĽκεһϷֻӺ͸ָͨʩ豸ռ棬˵ûκεܴڡ

ûйȥڣ ûδˣཫȿԻصȥͬʱֿԿδ

桢඼ȻȻʹǧеһ΢΢硣ôڽͬҲԻصȻȻʹǧеһ΢΢ȥֻȻȻʹǧеһ΢΢Ϊһ˲ʵԶһֻdz顣磬һ⡢硢šxߡYߡߡߺеһе΢ʼ΢ȵȵΪһ塣ˣҲһеĭҡĤҡӾˡӺͰ뷴ʵȵȵΪһ壬٣ཫĸ߼ʶһ㡣ΪʲôأΪ桢൱Ҳ(Դ)ǵԵʣͬʱҲǵʶ˼ά˼λáþоȵȵҲγɺɵԵʡ

ڵĿIJΪܣҲΪ(Ϊ)ΪȻȻͬһԶĴȥܼ򵥣ΪȻȻ浮ĿġˣڵĿIJΪܣΪ棬Ϊ֣ΪȻȻ潻ʥʹӶֳڵΰֵ塣ΪˣҪĽʹûĽʹùɲȻȻ潻Ĺ񣬷ȫÿһ͵˶˶ٸҪõصѺӦӦ

ֻҪ໹ڳԳԺȺ(ԺͳԺ)ľͲܳͻһΪ淽ʽֻۡʧȥԡ˵˽αµ塢֪޳ܡС˺̰ͼ̰۸ȵȵģǵͲܳҲ˵ֻǵҲһˣܼ򵥣ʹû(ֻҪ໹ڳԳԺȺȵľ)е඼ĸУߺΰֻʹùһ㣬Ҫܻ˺ӻ˸߶ϵࡢϵˡ

ֵĺļֵDzҲҪԶĴȥ(ҪһԶĴȥ)

;Ҳô˵;ΪǻģҲʶģ򣬾û̫ϵĴڡȻǻ(Ҳʶ)ô϶˶ŵģ٣涼תŵģԽԽййڻš˶źתŵġʶпռطʶ֮ٲʺˣʶǸյѾˣγɻۣʶѾǿˣٽԽԽǿˣ֮䣬붯ֲ֮䣬ֲ붯ֲ֮䣬ǧ֮䣬ȻȻ֮䣬ԼֲȻȻ֮ȵȵһзʶĵطܲԹޡΪʲôҪô˵أΪеʶֻҪһ˾ͻγɻۣԶʧ(ͻԶռ)ˣǧȥһзʶԹޣ򣬾ͻγɻۣͻԶдȥ磬è͹ȵȵදﶼѾ˽ϸߵʶ˵ģĴһֻè͹֮ԹޣôԹвʧγɻۣյ붯ֲ֮IJгٱ磬ȻȻҲʶģƻ̫أҲ⵽ǵıյȻIJгôʶǿ߼Ǹ֮ܺκεԹˣˡԹĺܿͻвϵͷӦ磬ij˻Թ˱㺦ˣôʶڸ(ٻ򳬹)ʻռֻ費һͿԱѪ(һһЩʶڽа)Ϊʻеһ50ϡˣۺ͹˵˭ˣֻ費һͿԵõӦԩԩ౨ʱˣҲãǧҲã֮Ҳãǧ涼ҪгΪһ˹ͬ壬ȫһ˹ͬ塣

ҪĿ֮һҪѵ̬һеĶֲһЩ߼IJ鶯(èʹȵȵIJ鶯)ĸܻ˻ӻõΪĹ԰(ƾ)ΪˣҪȰԼܻ˺ӻ˸߶ϵࡢϵ֮Ŀ

ԴʶԴĿʼʶĿʼҲô˵ʶԴԴʶĿʼĿʼˣʶԴȻȻʶʶʶ䱾ʶҲԴʶҲԴͬʱʶʶҲԴʱ䡢ռ䡢һе΢ʡ˶ݱ䡢Ǩȵȣ֮ʶһе΢Ũ˻DNAڲϵĻۡݱţھ38µʶDNAIJпᾺγڵһеĶֲࡣ磬èϻʨèͷӥȵȵͬͬԴģͬһʶDNAģֻǺָݲͬ滷ȥѡ˲ͬʶDNAĿΪܹʹȥǾҪΪʲôأΪԴ̬ȵ޶òȥкѡԵʡ磬ǡȵʵҲˡٱ磬Գӵȵȣͬһв鶯ﵱҲͬͬԴģҲͬһֵʶDNAġǣʶͻDNAѾռݵĽϸߵ㣬ȴȻڵ͵㣬ֻܵȵཫΪ߼ʶͻDNAȥҲﵽϸߵʶˮƽ磬ʹûʼʹ˹󣬼ѾΪܻ˺ӻ˸߶ϵࡢϵ˺Ϳ԰һеIJ鶯ﵽϸߵʶ׶ˡ磬Ϳ谭ͬһеIJ鶯サˣ磬ͿͬèʹţӼȵȵһв鶯谭ĽˡΪʲôأΪʱͿҲèʹȵȵһв鶯ܻ˺ӻ˸߶ϵµIJ鶯͵IJ鶯ˡ

УͻʶDNAģԽ㣬ԽãʶDNAԽ߼еĵλԽߣ֮Խ͡

ЧӦȫůҪԭ򣬵ЧӦʹûɵģͬʱ֪˷Ѻ͹ȵֵȵɵġ磬ڵĺ˻϶ʸһ£ֻܿϵĴҩǿ͵ֿ֮Щܳԣȵֻܳڿյټȱ˶ǣһֺСֶաǺЩСֶճ˴ֶգһ־ڿյɳĺ͵ֿ϶һһģֻܿʳߵ׻ҩάһͬĽĻһ͸ðˡˡסԺ˻ˡôӵĺֻҪȻϵIJ벡һͻȾϣͻܲˣͬʱ쿪ſյҲ׸ȾϸͲģҲʮֵ벡ͷֳǣټЩڳɵĻһĺӾͳѵIJ벡ĴȾʹȾԴټЧӦȫů٣벡ıٶȸˣԼټԺԽԽ˥ȵȣʴˣ벡ͻdzϲճӵˡ⣬ںܶĵλšѧУdzĿſյ豸ȵȣҲЧӦȫůĸԴǵ˶죬λеĿյůȡůƬ͵ԡֻȵȶһ24СʱĿţˮõ͵ȵҲǴִŵģڵλʱһЩ˴˷ѣҲ˴ŷȾǣֱЧӦȫůļӾ硣ټڹũҵҲľ޴ԼǵҲԽԽصȵȣɵŷȾȾԴЧӦҲԽԽյȫůļٺͲɱ⡣ˣȫůʹûһжô벡ЧӦȫů()ӦҲȻȻʹûı磬ȥɽˮˮԴ棬ǏCɽˮˮʧءȥӸèһǸҳԣȴֻܳ˵èˣèҲһĺˡȥӸһͷҲҿУȴֻܳ˵Ĺͷ빷ˣҲһĺˡȥǷǰݺԺϡݷ࣬ȴЩ۲νĶֲ(ǵֻЩνĶֲСè빷һЩŨĵġĻDNAȵĸС)ǺЩνֻdzĴˣǼκ󣬹˼ʹˡʲôµֻȫů׹估ʹûһеIJѡ

ɹЩʺͨʵʶǻۺͶһģ֮ףϧ

ʶʶӰ컷ˣʶĺû˵ȫ̬ȫ硢ȫࡢÿһˡеĶֲĺû

ĴɸָγɵģǵĴܹʶʶֽһĴٽ˴Ե(ָʵ)ͷչôеҪԵҪö࣬ҲҪö࣬ͬʱҲҪöࡣˣ϶ǿʵģ֮ǿʶģ֮ʶִٽ(ָʵ)ͷչһĴٽƶ˸ָʡʶDNAȵȵγɡɡչ׳󡣱˵ʶϵڳʵĴٽƶ¸ݲͬ滷γɺ˸ָʡʶDNAȵȵϵ̫ϵࡢ˺ϵʮǿĴڵȵȡʣ֮γǿʶ֮ʶƶ²ϵ̫ϵеĵ뷢չپǣûʶǵγɵأ϶ʶģһѾӵǿʶΪʶǿԻ۵ģһγɾͲʧ

һЩΪװζкһеҰֲģҲ֪޳ܺͷΪˣЩֹ֪˽ˣԼЩµ߱Ҫ̭ΪǾǵȫ̬еĶֲȫࡢȫĻЩڰĵ۹ߺаʱұЩ˻ҪΪǶħħǿΪڻһУˣDZҪҲҪ

νʶǰ޹̶һضռȻٰȫȫ硢ȫԹ޺ͷŭ޵ȶӺʶռγɾ޴ʶٰ֮ͶŵѾ̶˵ضռǣӺʶͻʶظѾú˵ĵ˼һ豸ֱճ׵ͻΪֹ(ӵһеĺڰаеĵ۹߾군)

ʶ(ʶ)DNAĸߵͺͺû桢ʡȫÿһ˵Ʒ(ĸߵͺͺû)ⷽγǾεײըըĦʹĦȵ֮γɵġˣͬĻ˲ͬʶDNAƷʵȵȵĸߵͺͺû־˲ͬƷʽ治ͬĿռ䡢λúάȣۣȺ֣ǧˣˣʱˣҲͬˡʶDNAƷʵĸߵûǿԻ()ģˣǶ˵ȫÿһƷϵĸߵͺͺû(̶)˵еĶֲԼδ

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